Texas is a state geographically located in the south-central part of the United States, which the
Census Bureau places in a sub-region of the U.S. South designated West South Central. It is also
known as the Lone Star State.With an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2) and a rapidly growing population of 23.5
million, as estimated in 2006, spread among 254 counties, Texas is the second largest U.S. state
in both area and population. Dallas and Houston are the centers of the state's two largest
metropolitan areas. Other major cities include the state capital of Austin, the state's oldest
major city of San Antonio, and the western city of El Paso.[3] Due to its long history as a center
of the American cattle industry, Texas is associated throughout much of the world with the image
of the cowboy.Topographically, the easternmost section of the state is covered by the same Piney Woods that
cover much of the Deep South. Moving westward, this evolves into semi-forests of oak and cross
timbers then, as the climate gradually becomes more arid, turns into rolling plains and prairie
and, eventually, desert in the Big Bend region surrounding El Paso. It is these wide open spaces
of the Texas prairie that have lent currency to the phrase that "everything is bigger in
Texas."[citation needed] Because of its large size and unique history, the regional affiliation of Texas is often debated.
Historically and culturally, it has very close ties to the South. However, due to Texas's history
as a Spanish colony, its border with Mexico, and its large Latino population, Texas can also be
considered a Southwestern state. Nevertheless, while most residents acknowledge these categories,
many claim an independent "Texan" identity superseding regional labels.Spain was the first European country to claim Texas. Starting in the 1820s, North American and
European immigrants began arriving in the area, and in 1836 Texas declared its independence from
Mexico, and continued to exist as the independent Republic of Texas for nearly a decade. In 1845,
it joined the United States as the 28th state. Texas is one of only four independent states to
enter the US federation.[citation needed] Annexation of Texas led the United States to war with
Mexico leading to the Mexican Cession and helping to plant seeds for the U.S. Civil War. Texas was
the 7th state to join the Confederate States of America. Shortly after the start of the 20th
century, discovery of oil led to an economic boom in the state and greatly increased funding for
higher education. Texas grew rapidly, becoming the second largest state in population by 1994, and

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